Term Paper On Looking How Governments Solves Disputes - 1375 Words

Term Paper On Looking How Governments Solves Disputes (Term Paper Sample) Content: How state arbitrates casesState courts have a wide area, so the cases singular residents are destined to be required in, for example, burglaries, criminal traffic offenses, broken contracts, and family question are frequently attempted in state courts. The primary cases state courts are not permitted to hear are claims against the United States and those including certain particular government laws: criminal, antitrust, insolvency, patent, copyright, and some oceanic cases.State court ward, by differentiation, is constrained to the sorts of cases recorded in the Constitution and mainly accommodated by Congress.Legal Review, the force of tribunals to survey statutes and administrative activities to figure out if they comply with standards and criteria set down in constitutions. Legal audit depends on the possibility that a structurewhich manages the nature, capacities, and points of confinement of an administrationis the incomparable law. Thus, any activities by a gove rnment that abuse the standards of its constitution are invalid.Administrative LawsAdministrative rules are guidelines that influence how organizations work in particular circumstances. While most business rules are regulatory somehow, there are a few classes of enactment that apply more to particular ventures than others. These incorporate natural laws and construction standard rules put forward by both the central government and state governments. There are additionally administrative laws for worldwide exchange and most sorts of business permitting.Work LawsWork rules are controls that relate specifically to how organizations treat representatives. These rules incorporate the lowest pay allowed by law directions, wage garnishment principles, and laborer security guidelines, for example, the Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act. Work laws additionally incorporate more established laws, for instance, Child Labor Protection acts and Occupational Safety and Health rules. States additionally have laws for worker protection and advantage programs.MediationIn intercession, a fair individual called an "arbiter" helps the gatherings attempt to achieve a commonly satisfactory determination of the debate. The go between does not choose the debate but rather helps the groups convey so they can try to settle the question themselves.Cases for Which Mediation May Be AppropriateIntervention might be especially valuable when gatherings have a relationship they need to save. So when relatives, neighbors, or business accomplices have a question, intercession might be the ADR procedure to utilize.Cases for Which Mediation May Not Be AppropriateIntercession may not be viable on the off chance that one of the gatherings is unwilling to coordinate or bargain. Intercession additionally may not be successful in the event that one of the gatherings has a noteworthy preferred standpoint in control over the other. In this way, it may not be a decent decision if the gatherings have a past filled with misuse or exploitation.ArbitrationIn discretion, an unbiased individual called a "referee" hears contentions and confirmation from every side and after that chooses the result of the question. Intervention is less formal than a trial, and the principles of proof are frequently relaxed. Arbitration is less formal than a trial, and the standards of confirmation are regularly casual. Intervention might be either "official" or "nonbinding." Binding assertion implies that the gatherings defer their entitlement to a trial and consent to acknowledge the referee's choice as last. By and large, there is no privilege to advance a judge's choice. Nonbinding discretion implies that the gatherings are allowed to ask for a trial on the off chance that they don't acknowledge the authority's choice.The case is a claim to be chosen in court under the steady gaze of a judge or jury. In any case, the case can scare and hazardous for the disputants. Likewise, in light of the fact that court procedures are antagonistic, a fight between legal advisors, the fact of the matter is not generally the final product.Through the courts and case you can get cash, put a stop to specific exercises, and have statutes and archives translated; however, the result is that one individual win and one lose. The case is costly, some of the time restrictively, keeping some from taking their cases to the courts. Regardless of the possibility that one can bear the cost of the case, then you should confront the swarmed court docket and hold up as the protracted procedure starts a long procedure which keeps question searing and connections torn separated.ADR is a progression of techniques for settling debate other than court based arbitration. There are a few ADR forms which can be willful or requested by the courts. A few states oblige people to go into intervention or intercession before their case can be...

Collaborative practice in Australian maternity settings Focus on rural and remote practice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2705 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? In the context of maternity care, collaboration is defined as a shared partnership between a birthing woman, midwives, doctors and other members of a multidisciplinary team (National Health Medical Research Council, 2010). Collaborative practice is based on the philosophy that multidisciplinary teams can deliver care superior to that which could be provided by any one profession alone (National Health Medical Research Council, 2010). Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that collaborative maternity practice does improve outcomes for women, including both clinical outcomes and consumer satisfaction with care (Hastie Fahy, 2011). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Collaborative practice in Australian maternity settings: Focus on rural and remote practice" essay for you Create order Collaborative practice is particularly important in Australian rural and remote maternity settings, which are characterised by fragmented, discontinuous care provision (Downe et al., 2010). As such, both the Code of Ethics for Midwives in Australia (for midwives and obstetric nurses) and the Collaborative Maternity Care Statement (for obstetricians and other doctors) require that a collaborative model of care be adopted in Australian maternity settings. However, inconsistencies between and among midwives and doctors about the definition of collaboration, and subsequent ineffective collaborative practice, remain key causes of adverse outcomes in maternity settings in Australia (Hastie Fahy, 2011; Heatley Kruske, 2011). This paper provides a critical analysis of collaborative practice in Australian rural and remote maternity settings. Rural and remote maternity care in Australia It is estimated that one-third of birthing women in Australia live outside of major metropolitan centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" defined for the purpose of this paper as rural and remote regions (National Health Medical Research Council, 2010). However, the number of facilities offering maternity care to women in these regions is just 156 and declining (2007 estimate) (Australian Government Department of Health, 2011). Australian research suggests that the decreasing number of rural and remote maternity services is resulting in more women having high-risk, unplanned and unassisted births outside of medicalised maternity services (Francis et al., 2012; McLelland et al., 2013); indeed, one recent study drew a direct correlation between these two factors (Kildea et al., 2015). Additionally, statistics suggest that both maternal and neonatal perinatal mortality rates in Australia are highest in rural and remote regions (Australian Government Department of Health, 2011). High perinatal m ortality rates and lack of services in rural and remote communities mean that many rural and remote women are transferred to metropolitan centres, often mandatorily, for birth (Josif et al., 2014). This system has resulted in fragmented, discontinuous care for many rural and remote women à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which is itself a poor outcome (National Health Medical Research Council, 2010; Sandall et al., 2015). Many women find such models of care to be significantly disempowering, which again may result in poorer outcomes (Josif et al., 2014). Indeed, many women, and particularly Aboriginal women, may resist engaging with medicalised maternity services to avoid being transferred off-country for birth (Josif et al., 2014). Furthermore, those women who are transferred off-country for birth bear a significant financial, social and cultural burden (Dunbar, 2011; Evans et al., 2011; Hoang Le, 2013). Australian maternity services reform In response to these issues, in 2009 the Australian government commenced a major reform of maternity care. This reform included attempts to shift maternity services provided to rural and remote women to more collaborative, continuous, community-centred models (Francis et al., 2012). These new models of care require midwives to work collaboratively with general practitioners, obstetricians and rural doctors to care for a rural or remote woman in her own community to the greatest extent possible (McIntyre et al., 2012a). Evidence suggests that rural and remote women desire to be cared for in their local communities provided the maternity services offered are safe (Hoang Le, 2013). Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that women, and particularly Aboriginal women, who birth within their communities have an increased likelihood of positive outcomes (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). However, the National Guidance on Collaborative Maternity Care, which resulted from the government refo rms, notes there are a number of unique and significant challenges to achieving collaborative practice in rural and remote community settings (National Health Medical Research Council, 2010). Collaborative care in Australian maternity settings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" challenges and complexities The fundamental aim of collaborative services in Australia is the provision of woman-centred care, where women are empowered to be active partners in the provision of their care (National Health Medical Research Council, 2010). It is well-established that the delivery of woman-centred care in a maternity setting produces the best outcomes, in terms of both clinical outcomes and consumer satisfaction with care (Pairman et al., 2006). In a recent Australian study, Jenkins et al. (2015) suggest that collaboration is fundamental in the achievement of woman-centred care in rural and remote settings in terms of continuity of care à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including consistency in communication between care providers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" across often vast geographical regions. However, conflicting definitions and interpretations of the concept of woman-centred care between midwives and doctors are a key barrier to achieving collaborative practice in Australian maternity settings (Lane, 2006). The se problems are magnified in rural and remote settings, where transfers of care between midwives and doctors often occur abruptly when women are transported off-country to deliver (Lane, 2012). Differences in understandings of the concept of woman-centred care between midwives and doctors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and, therefore, impairments to effective collaboration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" are underpinned by midwives and doctors differing perceptions of risk in childbirth. Indeed, a study by Beasley et al. (2012) identified incompatible perceptions of best-practice strategies to mitigate risk as the key factor underpinning the lack of collaborative practice between midwives and doctors in Australian maternity settings. Whilst midwives focus on normalcy, wellness and physiology in birth, doctors place an emphasis on intervention à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" both valid approaches to risk mitigation in birth, but fundamentally contradictory (Lane, 2006; Beasley et al. 2012; Downe et al., 2010; Lane 200 6). These differing philosophies of care have resulted in increasing tensions in maternity settings, and this has been exacerbated by sensationalist media reporting, particularly following the Senate Inquiries into Media Reform of 2008/09 (Beasley et al., 2012). The concept of risk is particularly important in rural and remote settings, given the decision to transfer a woman off-country is often made on the basis of risk. The reforms to the Australian maternity system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including the introduction of the Nurses and Midwives Act 2009 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" have resulted in significant increases to midwives scope of practice and autonomy (National Health Medical Research Council, 2010; Beasley et al., 2012). This is particularly important in rural settings, where midwives are often required to be specialist generalists with a diverse suite of clinical skills (Gleeson, 2015). However, this expansion in midwives scope has further challenged the achievement of collaborati ve practice in Australian maternity settings. Tensions have occurred because doctors often perceive themselves to be solely accountable for the outcomes of maternity care and, therefore, legally vulnerable when practicing under midwifery-led models of care focusing in risk-mitigation strategies to which they may be unaccustomed or opposed (Lane, 2006; Beasley et al., 2012). These issues are particularly obvious in rural and remote maternity settings, where the referral of the care of birthing women by midwives to doctors may occur primarily during obstetric emergencies. Doctors in Australia have been particularly vocal about the fact that there is poor evidence to support the safety of midwifery-led models of care, including in rural and remote maternity settings (Boxall Flitcroft, 2007). The expansion in midwives scope of practice has also challenged the achievement of collaborative practice in Australian maternity settings in other ways. Australian research suggests doctors fe ar the expansion of midwives scope will result in them becoming redundant in, and therefore, excluded from maternity settings, and that a decline in clinical outcomes will result (Lane, 2012). As noted by Barclay and Tracy (2010), despite the recent increases to midwives scope of practice, both midwives and doctors continue to have a distinct scope in terms of caring for a birthing woman and both remain legally bound to practice within this scope. However, many doctors continue to oppose the reforms to the maternity system on the basis of changes in midwives scope à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and also because these reforms may not be evidence based, may fail to meet the needs of women (and particularly the unique needs of rural and remote women), and are driven by service providers rather than consumers (Boxall Flitcroft, 2007; McIntyre et al., 2012b; Hoang Le, 2013). Again, doctors opposition to changes in midwives scope significantly impairs the achievement of collaborative practice in Au stralian maternity settings. These issues are further complicated by the fact that Commonwealth law now requires midwives practicing in Australia to have collaborative arrangements with a medical practitioner if they are to receive Medicare-provider status (Barclay Tracy, 2010). This particularly affects private-practice midwives practicing in rural and remote areas of Australia. However, as noted by Lane (2012), such legislation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which effectively forces midwives and doctors into a collaborative relationship à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is fundamentally inconsistent with the concept of collaboration as a professional relationship based on equity, trust and respect. Further, these reforms impose collaboration and compel midwives and doctors to form collaborative relationships are unworkable in many rural and remote maternity settings. Often, midwives practicing in these settings work with doctors who are fly-in fly-out locums, who are on temporary placements or who are l ocated in regional centres many hundreds of kilometres away, making the establishment of genuine collaborative relationships a highly complex process (Barclay Tracy, 2010). Collaborative care in Australian maternity settings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" opportunities and achievement Despite these significant issues, however, research suggests that collaboration can be achieved in Australian rural and remote maternity settings. The first step in achieving collaboration in this context is for both midwives and doctors to undergo a shift in perception with regards to each others professional roles and boundaries (Lane, 2006; McIntyre et al., 2012a). This will particularly involve doctors increasing acceptance of midwives expanding role in rural and remote maternity care provision. Rural and remote maternity services in particular provide positive examples of midwifery-led models of maternity care providing maternity services which are both safe and effective (McIntyre et al., 2012a); indeed, one study concludes that shared but midwifery-led models are the best way to achieve continuity of care in rural and remote maternity settings (Francis et al., 2012). Therefore, evidence from these models may be used to bolster doctors confidence in the efficacy of midwifery- led approaches to maternity care. However, for this to be achieved, incompatibilities in care philosophies between midwives and doctors must be overcome. This may commence with midwives and doctors recognising that both professions share the same basic goal of achieving the best outcomes for women (Lane, 2006). Communication is also fundamental to the achievement of collaborative practice in Australian maternity settings (National Health Medical Research Council, 2010). Indeed, Lane (2012) notes that effective communication between midwives and doctors is one of the minimal conditions which must be met if collaborative practice in maternity settings is to be achieved. However, there are a range of barriers to effective communication between midwives and doctors in rural and remote maternity settings, the most significant of which is geographical distance. Telehealth, which involves the use of telecommunication technologies to facilitate communication between clinicians à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and particularly those who care for priority consumers such as mothers and babies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in geographically diverse regions of Australia may be useful in promoting collaborative practice in rural and remote maternity settings (Australian Nursing Federation 2013). The National Health Medical Research Council (2010) also identifies written documentation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including pregnancy records, care pathways and a transfer / retrieval plan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to be important in fostering collaborative practice in in rural and remote maternity settings. Collaboration, or practice based on a shared partnership between a birthing woman, midwives, doctors and other members of a multidisciplinary team, results in improves outcomes for birthing women. As such, codes of practice for both midwives and doctors in Australia require that collaborative practice be utilised in Australian maternity settings. Research evidence suggests that due to the unique challenges posed by rural and remote maternity settings in Australia, collaborative practice is particularly important in this context. However, in Australia in general à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and in rural and remote maternity settings in particular à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" collaborative practice is both lacking and challenging to achieve. This paper has provided a critical analysis of collaborative practice, with a particular focus on Australian rural and remote maternity settings. It has concluded that whilst it may be challenging to achieve, collaboration in Australian rural and remote maternity settings can à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and, indeed, should à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" be achieved in order to promote the best outcomes for birthing women in these regions. References Australian Government Department of Health, (2011), Provision of Maternity Care, accessed 02 October 2015, https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/pacd-maternityservicesplan-toc~pacd-maternityservicesplan-chapter3#Rural%20and%20remote%20services Australian Nursing Federation, (2013), Telehealth standards: Registered midwives, accessed 02 October 2015, https://crana.org.au/files/pdfs/Telehealth_Standards_Registered_Midwives.pdf Barclay, L Tracy, SK, (2010), Legally binding midwives to doctors is not collaboration, Women Birth, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-2. Beasley, S, Ford, N, Tracy, SK Welsh, AW, (2012), Collaboration in maternity care is achievable and practical, Australia New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology, vol. 52, no.6, 576-581. Boxall, AM Flitcroft, K, (2007), From little things, big things grow: A local approach to system-wide maternity services reform in the absence of definitive evidence, Australia New Zealand Health P olicy, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 18. Commonwealth of Australia, (2009), Improving Maternity Services in Australia: The Report of the Maternity Services Review, accessed 02 October 2015, https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/624EF4BED503DB5BCA257BF0001DC83C/$File/Improving%20Maternity%20Services%20in%20Australia%20-%20The%20Report%20of%20the%20Maternity%20Services%20Review.pdf Downe, S, Finlayson, K Fleming, A, (2010), Creating a collaborative culture in maternity care, Journal of Midwifery Womens Health, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 250-254. Dunbar, T, (2011), Aboriginal peoples experiences of health and family services in the Northern Territory, International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 2-16. Evans, R, Veitch, C, Hays, R, Clark, M Larkins, S, (2011), Rural maternity care and health policy: Parents experiences, Australian Journal of Rural Health, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 306-311. Francis, K, McLeod, M, McIntyre, M, Mills, J, M iles, M Bradley, A (2012), Australian rural maternity services: Creating a future or putting the last nail in the coffin?, Australian Journal of Rural Health, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 281-284. Gleeson, G (2015), Contemporary midwifery education focusing on maternal emergency skills in remote and isolated areas, Australian Nursing Midwifery Journal, vol. 22, no. 11, p. 48. Hastie, C Fahy, K (2011), Interprofessional collaboration in delivery suite: A qualitative study, Women Birth, no. 24, vol. 2, pp. 72-79. Heatley, M Kruske, S (2011), Defining collaboration in Australian maternity care, Women Birth, no. 24, vol. 2, pp. 53-57. Hoang, H Le, Q (2013), Comprehensive picture of rural womens needs in maternity care in Tasmania, Australia, Australian Journal of Rural Health, vol. 21, pp. 197-202. Jenkins, MG, Ford, JB, Todd, AL, Forsyth, R, Morris, J Roberts, CL (2015), Womens views about maternity care: How do women conceptualise the process of continuity?, Midwifery, v ol. 31, no. 1, pp. 25-30. Josif, CM, Barclay, L, Kruske, S Kildea, S (2014), No more strangers: Investigating the experience of women, midwives and others during the establishment of a new model of maternity care for remote dwelling Aboriginal women in northern Australia, Midwifery, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 317-323. Kildea, S, McGhie, AC, Ghao, Y, Rumbold, A Rolfe, M (2015), Babies born before arrival to hospital and maternity unit closures in Queensland and Australia, Women Birth, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 236-245. Lane, K (2006), The plasticity of professional boundaries: A case study of collaborative care in maternity services, Health Sociology Review, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 341-352. Lane, K (2012), When is collaboration not collaboration? When its militarized, Women Birth, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 29-38. McIntyre, M, Francis, K Champan, Y (2012a), The struggle for contested boundaries in the move to collaborative care teams in Australian maternity care, Midwifery, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 298-305. McIntyre, M, Francis, K Chapman, Y (2012b), Primary maternity care reform: Whose influence is driving the change?, Midwifery, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 705-711. McLelland, G, McKenna, L Archer, F (2013), No fixed place of birth: Unplanned BBAs in Victoria, Australia, Midwifery, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 19-25. National Health and Medical Research Council (2010), National Guidance on Collaborative Maternity Care, accessed 02 October 2015, https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/CP124.pdf Pairman, S, Pincombe, J, Thorogood, C Tracy, S (2006), Midwifery: Preparation for Practice, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Sydney. Sandall, J, Soltani, H, Gates, S, Shennan, A Declan, D (2015), Midwife-led continuity models versus other models of care for childbearing women, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, accessed 02 October 2015, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004667.pub4/abstract

Speech Analysis Gettysburg Address - 1006 Words

Kelly Meyer English p 4 Mrs. Bower April 4, 2017 Speech Analysis of â€Å"Gettysburg Address† â€Å"Fourscore and seven years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The infamous words spoken in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1863 by the one and only Abraham Lincoln. Many people know and use these opening words but have never heard more of the speech. President Lincoln write this speech to dedicate hallowed ground to those brave American soldiers we lost at the Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil War. Lincoln’s speech is one that is infamous and will stand the test of time. He uses strong, bold language that touched the hearts of Americans during his time and still today. Although it is a short speech, the majority of the United States’ citizens can recall the first†¦show more content†¦His diction comes across as meaningful, somber, and admiration on those who gave their lives. He uses words such as hallow, devotion, nobly, and honor to show his feelings. As mentioned previously, all men are created equal is an allusion to the Declaration of Independence. He goes on to bring up the Civil War, going on at the time, which divided our nation in two. Since the entire speech is about dedicating hallowed ground to the fallen soldiers of our nation, it is very appropriate. Although slavery was a growing problem during Lincoln’s presidency, he surprisingly does not bring it up in this speech. I feel that he does this to keep the nation at peace as best as he can, and keep both sides in his thoughts as he dedicates the sacred ground. After all, he is dedicating it to all fallen American soldiers, which would be everyone who has died in the war so far. This shows a lot of respect and honor for both the Confederates and the Rebels. The south was very against Lincoln and even broke away from his leadership, but our President still saw them as his own and did all he could to make the nation whole again. President Lincoln uses pathos to grieve with the audience about the loss of their soldiers. He conducts this mood by using phrases like government of the people, by the people, for the people giving the citizens power. Logos is used several times throughout this speech when the President says we have come to dedicate a portionShow MoreRelatedThe Gettysburg Address And I Have A Dream Speech Analysis759 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Gettysburg Address,† a speech written by Abraham Lincoln, and Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech states the importance of freedom and equality. Martin Luther King message to his audience In order to communicate their message of freedom and equality, Martin Luther King and Abraham Lincoln used allusions in their speeches. One major similarity in their use of allusions is their reference to the Constitution of Declaration of Independence. 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The Union was considered a â€Å"voluntary compact entered into by independent, sovereign states† for as long as it served their purpose to be so joined (Encarta). Neither the North nor South had any strong sense permanence of the Union. As patterns of living diverged between North and South, their political ideas also developed marked differencesRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address By Johnathon Hennessey936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Four Score and Seven Years Ago† is one of the most famously well-known statements in American History. This was the opening line to The Gettysburg Address given by Abraham Lincoln on November 9th in 1863. This speech was given during the Civil War, with the Unionists on one side and the Secessionists on the other. America was one of the very few countries in which slavery was still legal. The Unionists (northern states), were supporters of the United States federal government and wanted to abolishRead MoreThe Words of President Lincoln Essay1873 Words   |  8 PagesCivil War. Shortly after being elected, Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, which was followed by many more speeches including his second inaugural address. Both the Gettysburg Address and Lincoln’s second inaugural clearly display how Lincoln’s style of writing evokes emotion, and rally’s the audience. Not only were his words meaningful at the time but also can be a reminder of our country’s values today. The Gettysburg Address was written in a time of war within our country. Arguments overRead MoreAbraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address1528 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion of the text. 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Assisi Essay Example For Students

Assisi Essay Critical Evaluation-AssisiA poem that I have been studying recently is Assisi by Norman McCaig, which I found very interesting to read because it made a statement which relates to our world today even though the poem was wrote about thirty or forty years ago. The poem has lots of ideas including effective figures of speech, good choice of words, important images and irony. The statement that McCaig makes is, where ever there is great wealth it always exists along side great poverty. The poem is set in Assisi in Italy around the 1970s were all the rich tourists are coming in hundreds from all different countries far and wide to see the frescoes painted by Giotto in Assisis huge cathedral. McCaig mainly focuses on the dwarf outside of the three-tier cathedral built in honour of St. Francis. McCaig then proceeds to the priest guiding the tourists around the cathedral telling them the history of Giottos frescoes and how they individually teach people the goodness of God and the suffering of his son. McCaig uses effective littery techniques to describe the tourists and to describe the dwarf. He then goes on to explain that the tourists are not studying the frescoes and are just there to boast about being there. Then he goes on to tell of the dwarfs voice when he says Grazie for the money one of the tourists have given to him outside the cathedral. McCaig uses juxtaposition by situating the dwarf outside of the huge three tier cathedral. McCaig also refers to the dwarf as a ruined temple. By saying this he creates a huge contrast between the dwarf and the cathedral, he also uses irony to compare the dwarf to St. Francis were he says: Outside the three tiers of churches built in honour of St. Francis, brother of thepoor, talker with birds, over whomhe had the advantage of not being dead yet. This is saying that the dwarf had an advantage over one group of people, the dead. I think that it was a good idea to situate the dwarf outside the huge cathedral and create the image of a great, strong, beautifully designed building standing over a small, weak, deformed person. McCaig gives the reader a graphic description of the dwarf in both stanzas 1 and 3 where he uses many littery techniques to describe the dwarf. In stanza 1 he uses alliteration, simile and metaphor to give the reader a graphic view of the dwarfs deformed body: The dwarf with his hands on backwardssat, slumped like a half-filled sackon tiny twisted legs from whichsawdust might run. He uses alliteration to say things like, sat slumped and tiny twisted, these two pieces of text give a good view of the dwarfs way of sitting and his little weak legs. The simile used is, Slumped like a half-filled sack. This tells me that the dwarf had no strength to keep himself up straight and every time he sat down his back got closer to the ground. McCaig also uses a metaphor to tell you of the dwarfs legs, Tiny twisted legs from which sawdust might run. Here he is speaking about the dwarf as if he was an old teddy bear, he is saying that his legs are so worn out that sawdust might run from them, this is what happened to the teddy bears in the late 19th centaury, they were filled with sawdust and if they wore away the sawdust would run out. In stanza 3 McCaig called the dwarf a ruined temple., this gives the image of the dwarf who is battered and bruised and over the years he has begun to rot since no one has been looking after him. McCaig says this because the dwarf has been living around the huge cathedral for many years and is now wearing away. McCaig goes on to give more details of the dwarfs appearance:whose eyes,wept pus, whose back was higher than his head, whose lopsided mouthAll of these properties of the dwarf are very brutal, McCaig says this to make the reader feel pity for the dwarf but surprisingly McCaig goes on to tell how the dwarf had a voice as sweet as a childs: Said Grazie in a voice as sweet as a childs when she speaks to her mother. .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 , .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .postImageUrl , .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 , .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235:hover , .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235:visited , .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235:active { border:0!important; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235:active , .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235 .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58165c95f71c5ac26f9b8b66d6631235:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Profession for Women EssayI think McCaig does this to give the reader an element of surprise by giving the dwarf such a sweet voice when the reader would expect a rough, deep voice, McCaig uses very good figures of speech in these both stanzas describing the dwarf. In stanza 3 there is an extended metaphor comparing the tourists to hens:A rush of tourists, clucking contentedly, fluttered after him as he scattered the grain of the word. McCaig uses this metaphor to show that the tourists are rushing after the priest because he is spreading the word of God, he compares the tourists to hens who are following the farmer as if he is scattering grain. This also shows that the tourists did not pay much attention to Giottos frescoes which told stories of God. This leads to the tourists devaluing the life and work of Christ. I think that McCaig has made a very clear image of the tourists and that he makes very good use of the metaphor by extending it. Throughout the poem there is the use of irony and sarcasm, the first piece of irony used is in stanza 1 were he compared the three tier cathedral built in honour of St. Francis to the little deformed dwarf. The next piece of irony is in stanza 2 were McCaig tells us that the priest is spending his time guiding rich tourists round the cathedral showing of Giottos frescoes instead of spending time with the people who need it most. The next and last piece of irony I will highlight is in stanza 3 were the dwarf is sitting outside the cathedral which was built to friend the poor begging. This is a good littery technique used by McCaig were he compares the cathedral which was supposedly built for the poor to the poor dwarf who is begging to the rich tourists. McCaig then goes on to use sarcasm when he compares the dwarf to St. Francis and says: He had the advantage of not being dead yet. This is true but the dwarf has nothing to live for and would most probably want to be dead. I think tha t these two techniques which were used by McCaig were really useful in describing the scenes he is trying to show the reader of the poem. In stanza 3 McCaig gives the reader the one and only experience of the dwarfs voice, from the way McCaig has vividly described the dwarf you would expect him to have a rough, deep voice but it is not:Whose lopsided mouth said Grazie in a voice as sweet as a childs when she speaks to her mother or a birds when it spoke to St. Francis. Once again McCaig bring St. Francis into the poemby comparing one of the birds voice when it spoke to St. Francis to the dwarfs voice as he says Grazie. This shows that McCaig is a good writer because he can use so many littery techniques to create a poem of this class. I have chosen a poem and studied it carefully, identified the littery techniques used. I looked at such ideas as effective figures of speech, choice of words, important images, irony. I have also showed how the poet has made the social comment:Where ever there is great wealth it always exists along side great poverty. Words/ Pages : 2,094 / 24

Role of politics in American society

Introduction Social processes are synonymous to the way of life of the American people; this means that political structures affect it as well. There is a need to look at the extent to which politics is intertwined with social microstructures (religion, work and education) because this will demonstrate its relevance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of politics in American society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, there is a need to establish the various manifestations of these interrelationships so as to understand how American social processes work. Through an examination of these two areas, it will be possible to establish a pattern of how American society operates thus demystifying this society. Role of politics from the macro social perspective Geertz (1996) explains that religion can be regarded as a collection of symbols which create pervasive and powerful motivations. Those symbols eventua lly contribute to existent orders. Therefore, religion may be critical in determining how people’s lives are lived. Alternatively, others may think of religion in a negative way. The question to ask is where does America lie and how does the interaction between politics and religion play out in this society? Fields et al (1) affirm that there is a distinct relationship between politics and religion in the US. Through a 1996 survey, these researchers confirmed that relationship. They asserted that religious conservatism was associated with political conservatism. Most of the time, this was reflected by the political party affiliations and ideologies of voters. Generally speaking, religious elements are prevalent in the nations’ political structure. For instance American presidents have been Christians all along and this is considered an important quality in most presidential or civic candidates. Even several speeches and campaign pledges often contain references to God. Therefore, to a certain extent, one can say that Americans hold religion in high esteem when making political decisions. These manifestations are not always straight forward and one can argue that there is a complex interrelation between politics and religion. Democrats are often seen as liberals while republicans are thought to be conservative politically. However, in a state like California, gay marriage is considered legal. This state is headed by a republican who is supposed to be conservative. It is therefore easy to see that people in the US are religious but their status may not affect policy outcomes. America is religious and at the same time secular and is therefore a paradoxical society. In political governance, religion may not really count. Here, Americans prefer less religious ideas because this may contradict their cultural ideals (such as the American dream). The latter concept can best be upheld using secular ideas. Indeed because democracy is largely seen as a secu lar concept then conservative religious laws would not fit in with this political model.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As contrasted to Islamic States like Saudi Arabia which rely on religious values as foundations for their politics, the US values democracy, freedom of speech and other human rights above anything else. This often contrasts with religious values which are based on absolutes. Therefore Americans do not solely rely on religion to determine political direction, policies and governance procedures. On the other hand, religion’s application as a source of morality cannot be undermined because people still live their lives in accordance with these principles. Religious values and religious groups contributed to many political movements in the US’s past such as female suffrage, civil rights, welfare legislation and antiwar endorsements. Currently, religi on rarely contributes directly to the governance of society; however it is through religion that Americans get to express the freedoms that political structures often seek. Furthermore, religion is the major platform for building upon these freedoms and imprinting those ideas in people’s minds. Education as a macrostructure also has immense influence on politics in the United States. Education reform is often necessitated by political structures. Consequently, leaders who are interested in running for office must demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the education sector and must know some of the problems in it. Since education reform often involves heavy financial investment then this often takes a toll on federal budgets and it forms a crucial part of political participation. This role is often the first one that people can see when analyzing education. Nonetheless, there is an even deeper relevance of education in politics; it is a platform for implementation of other govern ance policies. One such policy is property tax. Schools, district administrators and the like have staged opposition to property tax increments in the past thus demonstrating to members of the political arena that their policy on this matter is unworkable (OECD, 25). Political stakeholders had to respond to those objections because educational stakeholders were an important part of civil society. The relevance and implementation of worker’s unions has been a crucial part of the education sector’s role in execution of governance policies. Spread of unionism amongst teachers illustrated that the same was likely to occur in other sectors of the economy and that political stakeholders needed to be aware of this or to inculcate it in their political agendas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of politics in American society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most importantly, though, education has alway s been crucial in unraveling pressing civil rights issues prevalent in American society. For example, certain reports revealed that family background plays an important role in determining performance by students in various levels of schooling. This illustrated some of the failures of past political and civil rights achievements such as desegregation. The education sector is therefore a reflection of the inequalities rife in American society. This is a good barometer for political stakeholders who often use findings from education to spearhead changes in other areas of civil society. Further still, education can play an important role in political election. It has been shown that if this area performs poorly then political leaders must have campaign related strategies designed at making the education sector more productive. A case in point was the Ronald Reagan bid for reelection in 1984. At that point, educational reform was front page news and the public wanted to know what politi cians intended on doing in order to deal with the grave problems of school reform. These groups had to act accordingly and they needed to express that they were going to spearhead critical changes in this sector. Lastly, education plays an important role of preparing younger members of society to take on new challenges in the nation. In essence this translates into frequent alterations of education systems to reflect new workforce demands. The education sector’s relation to other parts of society testifies to the fact that political leaders need to be aware of changes taking place in the workforce and hence think of ways of tying this in with the education sector which can be better able to prepare members for future roles in their respective lives (OECD, 40). Work is perhaps one of the most crucial areas affecting politics in America. Any problem detected in work or employment often immediately translates to poor political governance. This is because it is assumed that obsol ete or poor governance policies are what are causing work related problems. When Americans find it difficult to get work or if work opportunities start diminishing then this is often manifested as unemployment. Low employment also means low purchasing power, less investment and eventually a poorly performing economy. This is always one of the key areas for assessing the extent to which political leaders are performing.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The problem with the Bush era in Washington was often associated with the economic recession that had commenced in 2007. Recent objections to the Obama rule are also tied to the fact that unemployment is still rife and that deliveries on campaign pledges on economic performance have not yet been delivered. This shows that political entities must always relate work microstructures to their performances in office. Skills gap at the workplace are often a cause for concern among politicians because this means fewer work opportunities are available. In such circumstances, employees are easy targets for job losses (Chen, 45). Essentially, what this means is that some governance changes need to be instated in order to make work related conditions more feasible. Here, politics comes in again in order to make the situation better. Less work also means less infrastructure and even fewer opportunities for manufacture. Political stakeholders often respond to these challenges by making a range o f policy changes. Some of them may include tax increments or tax cuts. This is done because it has an effect on investment decisions and hence job opportunities. People often react to tax changes quite aggressively as seen by frequent criticisms of Obama’s reforms. Conclusion Politics has a crucial role to play in American society as seen through effects in the three macro social structures. Politics can make the difference between the success or failure of a certain governance policy because the microstructures will depict failure if this has occurred. Politics and political structures also affect civil rights issues which have not been addressed. These are normally made visible by inefficiencies and problems in microstructures like education. Therefore, it is through political agendas and governance that social structures can be changed thus demonstrating the significance of politics. References Geertz, Clifford. Religions as a cultural system. London: Tavistock, 1966 OECD. Lessons learned: how good policies produce better schools, PISA report, 2009 Chen, Anthony. Jobs, politics and civil rights in the US. Princeton; Princeton university press, 2009 Fields, Graham., Shevda, Tracy Simmons Dan. Conservative religion and conservative politics. 1996. Web. This essay on Role of politics in American society was written and submitted by user Karlee O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Drug Abuse Age, Gender and Addictive Susceptibility

Drug Abuse Age, Gender and Addictive Susceptibility How categorizing addiction as a biological disease affects the way it is treated Notably, addiction is a critical condition of the body’s systems. This is described by the biological theory and other relevant theories endeavoring to explain this phenomenon. Categorizing the condition as a biological disease dictates the remedial, counseling, and therapeutic measures that can be taken against the concerned addiction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Abuse: Age, Gender and Addictive Susceptibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The situation requires an elaborated understanding of the biological make-up and disparities of the concerned addict. This incorporates the aspects of gender where males and females possess varying biological constitutions that might affect the prescribed treatments in the realms of addiction. This is an important consideration when scrutinized critically in the contexts of drug abu se. Precisely, it is evident that a person’s biological constitution influences his or her receptivity, levels, and rates through which one can be addicted to a particular drug or substance (Peele Alexander, 2012). Additionally, it also influences one’s response towards the prescribed treatments in this regard. Since addicts tend to develop ‘tolerance’ to the effects of the drugs consumed, some changes occur in their nervous systems to counter the biological effects fronted by the drug/substance involved. The extent of this phenomenon can actually affect the way the victim can be treated. The biological withdrawal symptoms can be very severe hence demanding advanced treatment procedures. Therefore, categorizing addiction as a biological complication can actually influence the nature, level, and frequency of the proposed treatment prescription. The age of the first substance use and the development of addiction Accordingly, various sources indicate that th e age at which one starts taking drugs and the frequency of the intake can actually influence the development of addiction and the withdrawal possibilities. This is quite critical when considered in the addiction’s context. Individuals who start abusing drugs at tender ages can actually develop addiction faster compared to the aged individuals. Additionally, their susceptibility, metabolic rates/operations, and other relevant factors can actually promote the withdrawal efforts (Brady, Back Greenfield, 2009). Thus, it is evident that the age of the first substance’s use can actually influence the addiction development.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Concurrently, adults whose systems have started ‘deteriorating’ might find it helpful to use a particular drug in order to boost their biological and bodily demands. Evidently, since the body dev elops mechanisms to counter the effects fronted by a particular drug, upon withdrawal, the bodily response mechanisms will also demand the intake of the drug in order to stabilize the system. This indicates the biological, age, and withdrawal aspects of addiction. This phenomenon is substantially dependent on the age of the victim as indicated before. Gender and addictive susceptibility It is crucial to understand how gender differences influence susceptibility to addiction. Evidently, males and females are created differently in various contexts. Their body systems have distinctive disparities that contribute significantly to the mentioned additive susceptibility. Drug addiction as well as abuse influence males and females differently. At the initial stages of drug use, it is apparent that women start their intakes at minimal doses compared to males. This might be due to numerous factors including societal fears and feminine behavioral patterns. Nonetheless, their systems can pick up rapidly to the aspects of addiction than men. Consequently, they face substantial relapses in their attempt to withdraw from the concerned drug use. Precisely, addiction is more rapid in women compared to men following their genetic and biological make up, factors that assume critical roles in the context of addiction. Although the effects of addiction tend to be the same on both genders, their levels, magnitudes, and withdrawal symptoms tend to vary remarkable in the context of gender. Upon a continuous abuse of a certain drug, women are able to escalate swiftly into addiction compared to men. This is an important consideration in various contexts. Research findings indicate the contextual addiction provisions in the gender context. It is important to consider the rapidity and susceptibility of addiction in varying contexts. This is a considerable provision in diverse contexts. Concurrently, it is evident from varying sources that the research (with laboratory animals) demonstra tes similar gender disparities in the context of addiction (West Hardy, 2005). The differences in the types and levels of hormones (especially steroid hormones) in the body also contribute to the addictive differences noticed amidst men and women. As an addiction counselor, it is important to agree that the aspects of gender and their contribution to the addictive susceptibility can actually affect the prescriptions and treatments given to the concerned victims. Since the aspects of gender influences the susceptibility and response to the mentioned/preferred treatment, it is crucial to consider this factor both on individual and gender basis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Abuse: Age, Gender and Addictive Susceptibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since it is noticeable that females are more susceptible to addiction compared to men, their treatment procedures and remedial measures might differ considerab ly in order to address their specific demands in the context of addiction. Concurrently, decisions (on which treatments to give) also depend on the gender factors in the context of addiction/drug use as indicated earlier. Understanding the gender disparities in this context is helpful to a counselor intending to provide the addiction victims with viable treatment solutions. References Brady, K., Back, S. Greenfield, S. (2009). Women and addiction: A comprehensive handbook. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Peele, S. Alexander, B. (2012).The Meaning of Addiction. Retrieved from https://www.peele.net/lib/moa3.html West, R. Hardy, A. (2005). Theory of addiction. Oxford: Blackwell Pub.

Personal Goals Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Goals - Personal Statement Example of work, I need to be able to understand people and their diseases and the best background to this information is having knowledge of their surroundings. This Master’s degree is my ticket to be able to interact more with people in the health care field and connect with them on a different level by first understanding where they come from, the pressures they face and in the end find effective short and long term solutions. The program will put me in a leadership position as well and especially with both theoretical and practical aspect by understanding health care administrations. The knowledge will give me the insight knowledge into the health care field from a leadership position. This information and knowledge I hope will put me in a position of connecting with not only the patients but the employees and my colleagues on a deeper level as I will be able to relate with them. All of this matters because it has always been my dream to be people’s person and in an administrative position for that matter but still hold the element of care and concern. I have always wanted to help people without any prejudice and the health field was the best opportunity. Having to fulfil this dream by gaining a Master’s degree where there are chances that I can be an administrator will be one of my greatest life’s achievements. I will be able to help the patients through good interaction, communication and motivation of the health care staff being an administrator. When the needs of the employees are taken care of, then they can in turn assist the patients and a large number of them without any worries or reservations (Martin, Charlesworth and Henderson, 2010). The Master’s programs will also enable me understand the existing health care policies and why they were formulated and to what extent they are helping or not helping the people and especially the target audience. I will not only be able to understand these policies but also be able to change them or at least be